Tuesday, October 4, 2016

History, Science, and Exploitation - Medical Bodies

Dear PREP,

In preparation for this week, I spent the weekend reading several books that include Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums, Medical Apartheid and Acres of Skin. We will read and write about medical science and its intersection with cultural looting and economic exploitation. The goal is to inspire your reading of science and medical history so that you become aware of science's "not-so-good" impacts on the shaping of this nation.

You ended last week with 1,463 words. Let's continue to increase our writing. After all, writing is thinking.


            Based on the two articles Prisoner and Medical Experimentation and Book says dangerous chemicals were tested on scores of inmates I learned new information about medical bodies. Medical bodies were used for experiment in 45 prisons. I learned that scientist gave no regards for the inmate’s health. The inmates were given a small portion of money and done experiments that put their lives in danger. They were used as test subjects for perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics but for more menacing chemicals, from dioxin and psychological warfare agents to radioactive isotopes. Inmates were also bit purposely by mosquitos infected with malaria so scientist could study the disease. The experiment was called ‘’bite day’’ the mosquitos were put in a cage and put on the body and watched carefully until the mosquito bit the inmate. Many of the inmates are suffering from those experiments till this day from heart failure to other medical problems. In my opinion this right here is outrageous nobody should be put in such danger such as the danger inmates were being put in the prison system. Nobody should be given a disease that kills people to try to save life’s what’s the point of saving a life when you’re killing one. It seems to me that people didn’t consider the inmates welfare cause there were found guilty over a crime and were seen as a minority. I believe working experiments on innocent animals is cruel it makes it even worse when you are doing the experiment’s on a human being our own kind. No money in the world should be worth someone’s health and their lives put in danger over anything. I really can’t judge the inmates though they probably were in need of money the prison system is hard on inmates when you don’t have someone on the other side to help you and I say this from experience. If someone was to put a couple hundred dollars in front of me in jail and I’m hungry from just eating the slop that jail gives me it will be pretty hard to resist from not taking the money not even thinking what the consequences are going to be in the future on my body.

DG

Medical Bodies
Based on the two articles, “Book says dangerous chemicals were tested on scores of inmate” & “Prisoners & medical Experimentation: Willing Bodies?” Inmates were used as experiments in the late 1940 and ended in the late 1970. Up to 432 Statesville prisoners were infected by mosquitoes that carried malaria. Most of the initial cohort of prisoners who were forced to participate in the study were white and had to submit to battery of medical tests. These participants were effected 20 years later after. These experiments have a long effect causing your heart to stop and fail. The Subjects were never checked up for the long term effects after the experiments, they had no idea what they were getting involved with concerning their health fair after. The Chicago Daily claimed “None of the volunteering convicts died but were made violently ill as a result of their infection with vivax malaria and subsequent treatment with drugs then in the experimental stage.”
                  “Prisoner & medical experimentation: Willing Bodies?” Allen M. Hornblum exposes a 20 year medical testing program. These inmates volunteered to be tested on in exchange of being paid. These inmates willing offered themselves without knowing what they were getting themselves into until after feeling the after effects of the experiments. By 1969, fully 85 percent of new drugs were tested on inmates in 42 prisons. He subjected several inmates to 7,500 micrograms of the toxic chemical 468 times as much as Dow wanted. Some of the after effects the inmates were infected with includes hallucination and confusions for up to three weeks. Kilogram tested radioactive isotopes despite having little training in radioactive medicine. To get a required license from U.S Atomic energy commission, he lied.

                  My personal opinion is viewed from different points depending on the article. These experiments could have been a major game changer in the u.s. The results of these experiments could make a medicine to save other lives in the world. This was fine until they didn’t help check up on the experiments with the long term side effects. Plus they didn’t tell these inmates what they were putting in their bodies. Also that 432 prisoners were forced to participate which was wrong because you shouldn’t force people to put or take experiments in their bodies. My opinion changes Depending on how you view this situation. Over all I think they shouldn’t of been testing these experiments without legal consent and letting these inmates know what their putting in their body.

DZ

Medical Bodies


In the two articles “Book says dangerous chemicals were tested on scores of inmates” and “prisoners & Medical Experimentation: Willing bodies?” I learned about medical bodies. Medical bodies were used for experiments in mosquitos, perfume, soap and cosmetics, and menacing chemicals such as dioxin and psychological warfare agents to radioactive isotopes. In 1944, 432 Statesville prisoners were infected mosquitoes carrying the most virulent strain of malaria. The first “bite day” was March 8, 1944. “No longitudinal study was performed on the Statesville prisoners to assess the long term effects of these regimens. Heart failure is now a known side effect of some synthetic antimalarial.”  The experiments tended to be very painful.The inmates were given a few hundred dollars a month to accept a number of tests and more money for the army’s chemical warfare tests. It was a human research factory. Inmates suffered hallucinations and confusion for up to three weeks. I think that the medical industry was taking advantage of the prisoners putting their mental and physical health at risk. Some of the prisoners would get very sick right away and some died m,  “None of the volunteering convicts died but many were made violently ill as a result of their infection with vivax malaria and subsequent treatment with drugs then in the experimental stage. “They were being paid little. I feel the inmates were being manipulated because you don’t have a lot of options for an income in prison. I feel that they looked at the prisoners differently and didn’t care what the outcome of the experiment would be. The prisoners were poor, uneducated, confined. They had no idea what they were involved with. I feel if they were educated on potential consequences many of they would not have participated in the tests. I do not agree with the testing. I feel it is inhumane. 

NS

Prisoners and medical experiment willing bodies

Based on the two articles name 1 and 2 I learned about medical bodies. Medical bodies were used for experiments in I learned that one of the convicts who expose himself to malaria sit in a hospital bed at stateville and takes a pill that may cure him of malaria. I also learned that in 1944  432 stateville prisoners were infected mosquitoes carrying the most virulent strain of malaria under the supervision of medical researchers from the university of Chicago Harcourt (2011)describes the process:
Most important my favorite thing I learned was the university of Chicago malaria study ended in the mid-1970s when the country decided to stop using prisoners for medical experimentation.
I think they shouldn’t start back using tests on the inmates they are not practice dummies

 Philadelphia the first time he walked into the prison in 1971 he notice the telltale signs :gauze bandages on the arms back even faces of inmate after inmates .had they rioted he asked a guard .

EB

Medical Bodies
What I learned in the text called prisoners & Experiments in the 1980’s inmates all over the world were used as test dummies on chemicals or things that can be bad for the skin. In my eyes every thing got to do with science. Scientist was discovering more and more research every day so they started test drugs, deadly bug bites, perfume, lotions, and any thing else you can test on humans and skin. The name of one the experiment was called the bite. State ville prisoners was contestants of this research project each person 10 mosquitoes infected with malaria on their arm and watch them bite them. In the text it says “ You took a mosquitoes, placed its cage on A’s forearm and watched carefully until the mosquito bit him.” I think that should be a crime because people shouldn’t use other people to test thing they wouldn’t test their selves. What I learned by reading acres of skin is people use medical experiments to test different types of products on human beings.  Perfumes was being tested lotion was being tested and more chemicals. Some chemicals was very harsh to the skin giving people skin diseases, and long term disability effects. Most of the suspect that was victum of the treatments was poor, uneducated, and confined.   A professor of The university of Pennsylvania was a founder of the mad science and was the one who made up the idea to go to prisons and use inmates as test dummies.

EJ

Based on the two articles I Read Dangerous Chemicals, Prisoners and
Medical Experimentation. Reading Dangerous Chemicals I learned inmates were not just test subjects for perfume, soap and cosmetics but for more menacing chemicals, from dioxin and psychological warfare agents to radioactive isotopes. The prisoners were testing perfumes of the university of Pennsylvania Medical experiments on prisoners were unquestioned. By 1969, fully 85 percent of new drugs were tested on inmates in 42 prisons. Scientists ran several tests at the same time on the same prisoners; Inmates suffered hallucinations and confusion for up to three weeks. In prisoners and medical experimentation. I learned University of Chicago’s medical experimentation on prisoners at Stateville; in 1944 432-stateville prisoners were infected mosquitoes carrying the most virulent strain of malaria. The first bite day was March 8, 1944; each mosquito was placed up to the skin of the inmate. In all, each of the inmates “received the bites of ten infected mosquitoes”. The experiments tended to be extremely painful; Heart Failure is now a known side effect of some synthetic antimalarials.  The University of Chicago malaria study ended in the mid 1970s when the country decided to stop using prisoners for medical experimentation. I truly disagree with how they treated they prisoners but that been going on now to this day prisoners are still being miss treated just in a different way I truly believe that they will never be treated the same after committing a crime. But for the volunteers you never know they may wanted to commit suicide because jail is not the place to be.

RR

                                   Medical body’s
In the article I learn in 1944, 432 Statesville prisoners were infected mosquitoes carrying the most virulent strain of malaria under the supervision of medical researchers from the University of Chicago and that the university of Chicago malaria study ended in the mid-1970s when the country decided to stop using prisoners for medical experimentation.
My personal thought is they should stop using prisoners as animals , stop testing on them its not right ,

JC


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